Water plays a critical role in erosion and sediment transport and this relationship is most
evident in the hyperarid Atacama Desert of Northern Chile, a region characterized by …

Over the past decade, a new set of methods for estimating dated trees has emerged.
Originally referred to as the fossilized birth–death (FBD) process, this single model has …

Current interest and debate on pollen-assemblage richness as a proxy for past plant
richness have prompted us to review recent developments in assessing whether modern …

Premise of research. The Late Paleozoic Ice Age was the last extensive pre-Pleistocene ice
age. It includes many climate changes of different intensities, permitting examination of …

Use of the first appearance datum (FAD) of a fossil to define a global chronostratigraphic
unit's base can lead to intractable correlation and stability problems. FADs are diachronous …

Paleontological and neontological systematics seek to answer evolutionary questions with
different data sets. Phylogenies inferred for combined extant and extinct taxa provide novel …

Recurrent mass extinction events (at “biomere”—a biostratigraphic unit—boundaries)
characterize the middle Cambrian to Early Ordovician (Tremadocian) time interval that is …

The fossil record provides the primary source of data for calibrating the origin of clades.
Although minimum ages of clades are given by the oldest preserved fossil, these …

Rocks in Earth's crust are formed, modified, and destroyed in response to myriad
interactions between the solid Earth (tectonics, geodynamics), the fluid Earth (ocean …

The fossil record is well known to be incomplete. Read literally, it provides a distorted view of
the history of species divergence and extinction, because different species have different …