Acupuncture involves the stimulation of acupoints, which are located at specific sites of the
human body, by insertion of fine metal needles, followed by manipulation. Acupuncture has …

It has long been appreciated that the experience of pain is highly variable between
individuals. Pain results from activation of sensory receptors specialized to detect actual or …

Fibromyalgia is a common cause of chronic widespread pain, characterized by reduced
pressure pain thresholds with hyperalgesia and allodynia. In addition to pain, common …

This systematic review summarizes the results of 10years of laboratory research on pain and
sex/gender. An electronic search strategy was designed by a medical librarian to access …

Conditioned pain modulation (CPM) is a centrally processed measure of the net effect of the
descending pain pathway. This comprises both the facilitatory as well as the inhibitory effect …

For over 30 years, scientists have been investigating the phenomenon of pain suppression
upon exposure to unconditioned or conditioned stressful stimuli, commonly known as stress …

Animal studies suggest that fear inhibits pain whereas anxiety enhances it; however it is
unclear whether these effects generalize to humans. The present study examined the effects …

Chronic pain, whether the result of nerve trauma or persistent inflammation, is a debilitating
condition that exerts a high social cost in terms of productivity, economic impact and quality …

The flexion or flexor reflex (FR) recorded in the lower limbs in humans (LLFR) is a widely
investigated neurophysiological tool. It is a polysynaptic and multisegmental spinal …

Pain inhibitory mechanisms are often assessed by paradigms of exercise-induced
hypoalgesia (EIH) and conditioned pain modulation (CPM). In this study it was hypothesized …