Objective Over the past decades, an increasing number of women have been using
hormonal contraception. The potential role of sex hormones in regulating vegetative …

Most reproductive-aged women are exposed to fluctuating female steroid hormones due to
the menstrual cycle or oral contraceptive use. This study investigated the potential effect of …

Purpose Determine whether unilateral low-intensity blood-flow restricted (LIBFR) exercise is
as effective as high-intensity (HI) resistance training for improving contralateral muscle …

Operant conditioning of a spinal monosynaptic pathway using the Hoffman reflex (H-reflex)
is well established in animal and human studies. There is a subset within the human …

New Findings What is the central question of this study? How do H‐reflex and V‐wave
excitability compare between men and women engaging in similar levels of physical …

In light of the development of manned astronautics and the increasing participation of
women in space flights, the question of female body adaptation to microgravity conditions …

It has been shown that estrogen and progesterone receptors are expressed in the spinal
cord; therefore, fluctuation in their concentrations may affect the spinal network and …

To compare the maximum Hoffmann reflex (H-reflex) and the maximum M-wave (H: M) ratio
of the H-reflex in men and women when all participants showed similar saliva levels of …

Motor imagery (MI) for health and performance strategies has gained interest in recent
decades. Nevertheless, there are still no studies that have comprehensively investigated the …

This study evaluated the relationships between trait stress, Hoffman reflex, and performance
among 36 healthy amateur male athletes. We first obtained a trait stress questionnaire from …