Cytochromes P450 (CYP) are a major source of variability in drug pharmacokinetics and
response. Of 57 putatively functional human CYPs only about a dozen enzymes, belonging …

Precision medicine is an integrative approach to cardiovascular disease prevention and
treatment that considers an individual's genetics, lifestyle, and exposures as determinants of …

Cytochrome P450 (CYP) 2C19 catalyzes the bioactivation of the antiplatelet prodrug
clopidogrel, and CYP2C19 loss‐of‐function alleles impair formation of active metabolites …

Background: The association of genetic polymorphisms and clopidogrel efficacy in patients
with ischemic stroke or transient ischemic attack (TIA) remains controversial. We performed …

Over the past decade, pharmacogenetic testing has emerged in clinical practice to guide
selected cardiovascular therapies. The most common implementation in practice is …

Acute coronary syndromes (ACS) remain life-threatening disorders, which are associated
with high morbidity and mortality. Dual antiplatelet therapy with aspirin and clopidogrel has …

Interindividual differences in drug disposition are important causes for adverse drug
reactions and lack of drug response. The majority of phase I and phase II drug-metabolizing …

Coronary artery disease (CAD) is the leading cause of death and disability worldwide, and
its prevalence is expected to increase in the coming years. CAD events are caused by the …

There is significant variability in the efficacy and safety of oral P2Y12 inhibitors, which are
used to prevent ischemic outcomes in common diseases such as coronary and peripheral …

The cytochrome P450, family 2, subfamily C, polypeptide 19 (CYP2C19) gene is located
within a cluster of cytochrome P450 genes (centromere-CYP2C18-CYP2C19-CYP2C9 …