Purinergic signalling, ie, the role of nucleotides as extracellular signalling molecules, was
proposed in 1972. However, this concept was not well accepted until the early 1990's when …

Adenosine is a ubiquitous endogenous modulator with the main function of maintaining
cellular and tissue homeostasis in pathological and stress conditions. It exerts its effect …

The adenosine modulation system mostly operates through inhibitory A1 (A1R) and
facilitatory A2A receptors (A2AR) in the brain. The activity‐dependent release of adenosine …

Caffeine is the most widely used psychostimulant in Western countries, with antioxidant, anti‐
inflammatory and anti‐apoptotic properties. In Alzheimer's disease (AD), caffeine is …

The importance of adenosine for human health cannot be overstated. Indeed, this ubiquitous
nucleoside is an integral component of ATP, and regulates the function of every tissue and …

Caffeine is the most frequently used substance with a central nervous system stimulant
effect, but its consumption is most often due to the intake of foods and drinks that contain it …

In ischemic stroke, the primary neuronal injury caused by the disruption of energy supply is
further exacerbated by secondary sterile inflammation. The inflammatory cascade is largely …

Functional foods include enhanced, enriched, fortified, or whole foods that impart health
benefits beyond their nutritional value, particularly when consumed as part of a varied diet …

Ischemia is a multifactorial pathology characterized by different events evolving in the time.
After ischemia a primary damage due to the early massive increase of extracellular …

Aging-related salivary dysfunction commonly induces the poor oral health, including
decreased saliva flow and dental caries. Although the clinical significance of the salivary …