Content Summary 414 I. Introduction 415 II. Ca2+ importer and exporter in plants 415 III. The
Ca2+ decoding toolkit in plants 415 IV. Mechanisms of Ca2+ signal decoding 417 V …

Contents Summary 49 I. Introduction 49 II. Physiological and structural characteristics of
plant Ca2+‐permeable ion channels 50 III. Ca2+ extrusion systems 61 IV. Concluding …

Plant cells orchestrate an array of molecular mechanisms for maintaining plasmatic
concentrations of essential heavy metal (HM) ions, for example, iron, zinc and copper, within …

The calcium-based intracellular signalling system is used ubiquitously to couple
extracellular stimuli to their characteristic intracellular responses. It is becoming clear from …

Abstract Calcium (Ca 2+) is an essential macronutrient as well as a second messenger in
diverse biological processes in plants. Plants perceive various stimuli which leads to …

The main mechanism of plant tolerance is the avoidance of metal uptake, whereas the main
mechanism of hyperaccumulation is the uptake and neutralization of metals through specific …

Plant growth and productivity are adversely affected by various abiotic stressors and plants
develop a wide range of adaptive mechanisms to cope with these adverse conditions …

Stomata are an attractive experimental system in plant biology, because the responses of
guard cells to environmental signals can be directly linked to changes in the aperture of …

The decade since the publication of the third edition of this volume has been an era of great
progress in biology in general and the plant sciences in particular. This is especially true …

Abstract The calcium (Ca+ 2) molecules being an important intracellular messenger are
involved in various signal transduction mechanisms in plants. Many external stimuli such as …