Human biomonitoring (HBM) is used to indicate and quantify exposure by measuring
environmental chemicals, their metabolites or reaction products in biological specimens …

Human biomonitoring reference values are statistical estimates that indicate the upper
margin of background exposure to a given chemical at a given time. Nationally …

Context: One approach to reducing the harm caused by cigarette smoking, at both individual
and population level, is to develop, assess and commercialize modified risk alternatives that …

Abstract Background: Results of the Multiethnic Cohort (MEC) study demonstrated that, for
the same quantity of cigarettes smoked, African Americans and Native Hawaiians have a …

Cigarette smoke is one of the six major pollution sources in the room air. It contains large
number of particles with size less than 10 nm. There exist carbon dots (CDs) in cigarette …

Lung cancer (LC) is the leading cause of cancer death worldwide. Tobacco smoke is the
most frequent risk factor etiologically associated with LC, although exposures to other …

Among the most potent carcinogens in tobacco are the tobacco-specific nitrosamines
(TSNAs), with 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone (NNK) being the most potent …

HZSM-5 zeolite was used to conquer the challenge of liquid adsorption of tobacco specific N-
nitrosamines (TSNA), either in aqueous solution or tobacco extract solution, offering a …

Since 2007, the nationally representative, cross-sectional Canadian Health Measures
Survey (CHMS) has collected detailed health and exposure data from more than 25,000 …

Tobacco specific nitrosamines (TSNAs) are among the most potent carcinogens found in
cigarettes and smokeless tobacco products. Decreases in TSNA detoxification, particularly 4 …