Recent studies examining the neurobiology of substance abuse have revealed a significant
role of neuroimmune signaling as a mechanism through which drugs of abuse induce …

Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) infection of the central nervous system (CNS)
can result in neurological dysfunction with devastating consequences in a significant …

ABSTRACT HIV enters the central nervous system (CNS) during the early stages of infection
and can cause neurological dysfunction, including neurodegeneration and neurocognitive …

Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) remains a persistent public health concern throughout
the world. Substance use disorders (SUDs) are a common comorbidity that can worsen …

HIV-Tat protein has been implicated in the pathogenesis of HIV-1 neurological
complications (ie, neuroAIDS), but direct demonstrations of the effects of Tat on behavior are …

We have previously shown that exogenous melatonin improves the preservation of the
blood–brain barrier (BBB) and neurovascular unit following cerebral ischemia–reperfusion …

As our understanding of changes to the neurological system has improved, it has become
clear that patients who have contracted human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) can …

Opiates exacerbate human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV‐1) Tat1‐72‐induced release
of key proinflammatory cytokines by astrocytes, which may accelerate HIV …

In response to tissue injury or infection, the peripheral tissue macrophage induces an
inflammatory response through the release of IL-1β (interleukin-1β) and TNFα (tumour …

Objective Human immunodeficiency virus‐1 (HIV‐1) causes mild to severe cognitive
impairment and dementia. The transactivator viral protein, Tat, is implicated in neuronal …