Bexarotene is often administered to phototherapy‐resistant early cutaneous T‐cell
lymphoma (CTCL) patients as one of the first‐line therapies in real‐world practice. Since …

Double-stranded DNA (dsDNA) in the cytoplasm of eukaryotic cells is abnormal and typically
indicates the presence of pathogens or mislocalized self-DNA. Multiple sensors detect …

Mogamulizumab is a humanized antibody targeting CC chemokine receptor 4 (CCR4). This
post‐marketing surveillance was conducted in Japan as a regulatory requirement from 2014 …

Surgery, chemotherapy, radiation therapy, and immunotherapy are potential therapeutic
choices for many malignant and metastatic cancers. Despite adverse side effects and pain …

Th cells may exhibit pathological activity depending on the regulatory and functional signals
sensed under a wide range of immunopathological conditions, including ankylosing …

Introduction: CC chemokine receptor 4 (CCR4), which is involved in leukocyte migration, is
expressed in most tumor cells in patients with adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma (ATLL). Case …

Adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma (ATL) is a form of leukemia caused by the human T-cell
leukemia virus type I (HTLV-1). Otolaryngologists often diagnose ATL based on cervical …

Background Chemokines and their receptors play an important role in immune monitoring
and immune defense during the tumor growth and metastasis. However, their prognostic …

Cancer immunotherapy holds great promise for the treatment of solid tumors, but its
effectiveness is hindered by the recruitment of regulatory T cells (Tregs), which inhibit anti …

1.1 Colorectal Cancer 1.1. 1 The Nature of Colorectal Cancer Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the
third most frequent carcinoma and the second leading cause of cancer-associated death …