The strongest nonmodifiable risk factors for CRC and precancerous polyps are age, male
sex, and family history of CRC. Current evidence indicates that smoking, obesity, and diet …

A higher incidence of colorectal cancer (CRC) is found in males compared to females.
Young women (18–44 years) with CRC have a better survival outcome compared to men of …

Novel immune checkpoint blockade with ipilimumab, an antibody blocking the cytotoxic T-
lymphocyte antigen 4 (CTLA4), is revolutionizing cancer therapy. However, ipilimumab …

By eliciting distinct transcriptional responses, the oestrogen receptors (ERs) ERα and ERβ
exert opposite effects on cellular processes that include proliferation, apoptosis and …

Estrogens influence many physiological processes in mammals, including but not limited to
reproduction, cardiovascular health, bone integrity, cognition, and behavior. Given this …

The metabolic syndrome is composed of cardiovascular risk factors including increased
body mass index/waist circumference, blood pressure, plasma glucose, and triglycerides, as …

Upon binding their cognate receptors, ERα (ESR1) and ERβ (ESR2), estrogens activate
intracellular signaling cascades that have important consequences for cellular behavior …

Worldwide, colorectal cancer has a higher incidence rate in men than in women, suggesting
a protective role for sex hormones in the development of the disease. Preclinical data …

To understand the significance of estrogen receptor β (ERβ) in mammary carcinogenesis,
we evaluated the expression of ERβ in preinvasive mammary tumors. The percentage of …

Recent studies indicate that the expression of ERβ in breast cancer is lower than in the
normal breast, suggesting that ERβ could play an important role in carcinogenesis. To …