This mini-review summarizes the current evidence for the role of macrophage activation and
polarization in inflammation and immune response pertinent to interstitial lung disease …

Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a chronic progressive disorder of unknown origin and
the most common interstitial lung disease. It progresses with the recruitment of fibroblasts …

Macrophages, an important part of human immune system, possess a high plasticity and
heterogeneity (macrophage polarization) as classically activated macrophages (M1) and …

Over almost 140 years since their identification, the knowledge about macrophages has
unbelievably evolved. The'big eaters' from being thought of as simple phagocytic cells have …

Connective tissue disease-associated interstitial lung disease (CTD-ILD) is a severe
manifestation of CTD that leads to significant morbidity and mortality. Clinically, ILD can …

Soft tissue fibrosis and cutaneous scarring represent massive clinical burdens to millions of
patients per year and the therapeutic options available are currently quite limited. Despite …

Pulmonary fibrosis is a chronic progressive interstitial lung disease caused by a variety of
etiologies. The disease can eventually lead to irreversible damage to the lung tissue …

Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is the representative phenotype of interstitial lung disease
where severe scarring develops in the lung interstitium. Although antifibrotic treatments are …

Ethnopharmacological relevance Schisandra chinensis decoction derived from the book of
Waitai Miyao (Tao Wang, Tang dynasty) is often used in the treatment of idiopathic …

Radiation-induced pulmonary fibrosis (RIPF), a late adverse event of radiation therapy, is
characterized by infiltration of inflammatory cells, progressive loss of alveolar structure …