During aging the immune system (IS) undergoes remarkable changes that collectively are
known as immunosenescence. It is a multifactorial and dynamic phenomenon that affects …

As humans age, the risk and severity of infections vary in line with immune competence
according to how the immune system develops, matures, and declines. Several factors …

The world is witnessing a rapid demographic shift towards an older population, a trend with
major medical, social, economic and political implications. Aging is a multifaceted process …

Abstract Introduction The protein Klotho (KL) was first discovered in KL-deficient mice, which
developed a syndrome similar to premature aging in humans. Since then, KL has been …

Beginning with the sixth decade of life, the human immune system undergoes dramatic
aging-related changes, which continuously progress to a state of immunosenescence. The …

T-cell receptor (TCR) diversity, a prerequisite for immune system recognition of the universe
of foreign antigens, is generated in the first two decades of life in the thymus and then …

Background Over the last two decades, progress in prevention and treatment of caries and
periodontal diseases has been translated to better oral health and improved tooth retention …

The effects of aging on the immune system are manifest at multiple levels that include
reduced production of B and T cells in bone marrow and thymus and diminished function of …

Throughout life, the T cell system adapts to shifting resources and demands, resulting in a
fundamentally restructured immune system in older individuals. Here we review the cellular …

The aging process is driven by a finite number of inter‐related mechanisms that ultimately
lead to the emergence of characteristic phenotypes, including increased susceptibility to …