Microneedles (MNs) have been broadly used for transdermal delivery of a variety of drugs,
ranging from small chemicals to biological macromolecules, due to the properties of …

The treatment of diabetic wounds faces enormous challenges due to complex wound
environments, such as infected biofilms, excessive inflammation, and impaired …

Transdermal drug delivery (TDD) is one of the key approaches for treating diseases,
avoiding first-pass effects, reducing systemic adverse drug reactions and improving patient …

Diabetic wound is one of the common complications in diabetic patients, which exhibits
chronic, hard‐to‐heal characteristics. The healing process of wounds is impaired by several …

Oxygen plays an important role in diabetic chronic wound healing by regulating various life
activities such as cell proliferation, migration, and angiogenesis. Therefore, oxygen …

Deep cutaneous fungal infection (DCFI) is difficult to be treated by the traditional topical
application due to low drug transdermal efficiency, poor fungicidal effect, and easy to …

Most existing vaccines, delivered by intramuscular injection (IM), are typically associated
with stringent storage requirements under cold-chain distribution and professional …

Microneedle (MN) systems for painless transdermal drug delivery have been well developed
over the past few years to overcome the problems of subcutaneous injections. Hyaluronic …

Photodynamic therapy (PDT)-mediated oxidation treatment is extremely attractive for skin
melanoma ablation, but the strong hydrophobicity and poor tumor selectivity of …

Seasonal influenza A viruses continue to pose a public health threat, and current vaccines
are not sufficiently effective because of virus mutation. There is an urgent need to develop a …