In plants, the reactive oxygen species (ROS) formed during normal conditions are essential
in regulating several processes, like stomatal physiology, pathogen immunity and …

Lipids are distributed in a highly heterogeneous fashion in different cellular membranes.
Only a minority of lipids achieve their final intracellular distribution through transport by …

As a universal process in multicellular organisms, including animals and plants, cells usually
emit danger signals when suffering from attacks of microbes and herbivores, or physical …

The members of the pathogenesis-related protein 1 (PR-1) family are among the most
abundantly produced proteins in plants on pathogen attack, and PR-1 gene expression has …

The pathogenesis‐related (PR) proteins of plants have originally been identified as proteins
that are strongly induced upon biotic and abiotic stress. These proteins fall into 17 distinct …

Any interaction of plants with phytopathogens involves the generation of various chemical
molecules that are critical for activation of their defense machinery. One of the chemicals …

Cerato‐platanin proteins (CP s), which are secreted by filamentous fungi, are phytotoxic to
host plants, but their functions have not been well defined to date. Here we characterized a …

In plants, sterols are found in free form (free sterols, FSs) and conjugated as steryl esters
(SEs), steryl glycosides (SGs) and acyl steryl glycosides (ASGs). Conjugated sterols are …

Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici (Pst), a biotrophic plant pathogen, secretes numerous effectors
to modulate host defense systems. Understanding the molecular mechanisms by which Pst …

Plant-pathogenic oomycetes include numerous species that are ongoing threats to
agriculture and natural ecosystems. Understanding the molecular dialogs between …