An increase in pulsatile release of LHRH is essential for the onset of puberty. However, the
mechanism controlling the pubertal increase in LHRH release is still unclear. In primates the …

The distribution of neurons and terminal fields that contain a variety of neurotransmitters and
steroid hormone receptors has been examined with in situ hybridization and …

Publisher Summary This chapter discusses the anatomy, development, and function of
sexually dimorphic neural circuits in the mammalian brain. If structural sex differences …

The most prominent sites of vasopressin (VP) production in the rat brain are the
paraventricular nucleus, the supraoptic nucleus, the suprachiasmatic nucleus, the bed …

The expression of the galanin gene (GAL) in the paraventricular nucleus (PVN) and in the
amygdala of higher vertebrates suggests the requirement for highly conserved, but …

Abstract Vasopressin messenger RNA (AVP mRNA) expression in the medial amygdala and
bed nucleus of the stria terminalis (BST) is almost completely dependent on gonadal …

Spexin (SPX) is a newly identified neuropeptide, a natural ligand for the galanin receptors
(GALR) 2/3, which is involved in maintaining physiological functions including female …

It is essential for the species survival that an efficient coordination between energy storage
and reproduction through endocrine regulation. The neuropeptide galanin, one of the …

The distribution and regulation of galanin‐R1 receptor (GAL‐R1‐R) mRNA has been
studied in the anterior and mid‐diencephalon by using in situ hybridization. Moreover …

The bed nucleus of the stria terminalis (BNST) and centromedial amygdala share many
neuroanatomical and neurochemical characteristics, suggesting similarities in their …