Immune checkpoints inhibition is a privileged approach to combat cancers and other human
diseases. The TIM-3 (T cell immunoglobulin and mucin-domain containing-3) inhibitory …

Chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is a major global public health risk that threatens
human life and health, although the number of vaccinated people has increased. The …

Background and aims The co-infection of hepatitis B (HBV) patients with the hepatitis D virus
(HDV) causes the most severe form of viral hepatitis and thus drastically worsens the course …

Chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection remains a major public health concern globally,
and T cell responses are widely believed to play a pivotal role in mediating HBV clearance …

Chronic hepatitis B (CHB) is a major global public problem because at least 262 million
people are chronically infected with hepatitis B virus (HBV). 1 There is therefore an …

In hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection, the interplay between the virus and the host immune
system is crucial in determining the pathogenesis of the disease. Patients who fail to mount …

Introduction The hepatitis B virus (HBV) continues to be a leading cause of morbidity and
mortality worldwide. In developing countries, HBV is the most common etiology of those liver …

Objective (s): Exhausted CD8+ T-cells over-express immune checkpoint receptors (ICRs),
which interact with their ligands on malignant cells. However, some ICRs have been …

Mucosal-associated invariant T (MAIT) cells are innate-like T cells mainly found in the
mucosa and peripheral blood. We have recently demonstrated that Clostridioides difficile …

Background: HBV-specific T lymphocytes are pivotal in eliminating the hepatitis B virus
(HBV) and regulating intrahepatic inflammatory reactions. Effective T cell responses curtail …