Adenosine signalling has long been a target for drug development, with adenosine itself or
its derivatives being used clinically since the 1940s. In addition, methylxanthines such as …

Astrocytes are key homeostatic regulators in the central nervous system and play important
roles in physiology. After brain damage caused by eg, status epilepticus, traumatic brain …

Huntington's disease (HD) is a neurodegenerative disorder caused by a CAG repeat
expansion in the gene encoding for huntingtin protein. A lot has been learned about this …

Caffeine causes most of its biological effects via antagonizing all types of adenosine
receptors (ARs): A1, A2A, A3, and A2B and, as does adenosine, exerts effects on neurons …

The effect caffeine elicits on endurance performance is well founded. However,
comparatively less research has been conducted on the ergogenic potential of anaerobic …

Adenosine is involved in a range of physiological and pathological effects through
membrane-bound receptors linked to G proteins. There are four subtypes of adenosine …

Purinergic neurotransmission, involving release of ATP as an efferent neurotransmitter was
first proposed in 1972. Later, ATP was recognised as a cotransmitter in peripheral nerves …

Purines have key roles in neurotransmission and neuromodulation, with their effects being
mediated by the purine and pyrimidine receptor subfamilies, P1, P2X and P2Y. Recently …

Adenosine acts in parallel as a neuromodulator and as a homeostatic modulator in the
central nervous system. Its neuromodulatory role relies on a balanced activation of inhibitory …

Cell motility drives many biological processes, including immune responses and embryonic
development. In the brain, microglia are immune cells that survey and scavenge brain tissue …