Apoptosis and the clearance of apoptotic cells are essential processes in animal
development and homeostasis. For apoptotic cells to be cleared, they must display an 'eat …

The human body generates 10–100 billion cells every day, and the same number of cells
die to maintain homeostasis in our body. Cells infected by bacteria or viruses also die. The …

While philosophers seek the meaning of life, cell biologists are becoming ever more
interested in the meaning of death. Apoptosis marks unwanted cells with'eat me'signals that …

A common feature of all eukaryotic membranes is the non-random distribution of different
lipid species in the lipid bilayer (lipid asymmetry). Lipid asymmetry provides the two sides of …

Lipids in biological membranes are asymmetrically distributed across the bilayer; the amine-
containing phospholipids are enriched on the cytoplasmic surface of the plasma membrane …

Recently, phospholipid peroxidation products gained a reputation as key regulatory
molecules and participants in oxidative signaling pathways. During apoptosis, a …

Phosphatidylserine (PS) is a quantitatively minor membrane phospholipid that is
synthesized by prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells. In this review we focus on genes and …

Mitochondria are dynamic organelles surrounded by two membranes with a defined lipid
composition. The majority of lipids are synthesized in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and …

Ingestion by professional or amateur phagocytes is the fate of most cells that undergo
apoptosis. Studies in both Caenorhabditis elegans and mammals are now converging to …

This paper reviews the current knowledge on the various mechanisms for transbilayer, or flip-
flop, lipid motion in model and cell membranes, enzyme-assisted lipid transfer by flippases …