Summary Type 1 diabetes (T1D) is widely considered to result from the autoimmune
destruction of insulin-producing β cells. This concept has been a central tenet for decades of …

Following the seminal discovery of insulin a century ago, treatment of individuals with type 1
diabetes (T1D) has been largely restricted to efforts to monitor and treat metabolic glucose …

Cytotoxic CD8 T lymphocytes play a central role in the tissue destruction of many
autoimmune disorders. In type 1 diabetes (T1D), insulin and its precursor preproinsulin are …

T cells targeting self-proteins are important mediators in autoimmune diseases. T cells
express unique cell-surface receptors (TCRs) that recognize peptides presented by major …

Background T1D is an autoimmune disease in which pancreatic islets of Langerhans are
infiltrated by immune cells resulting in the specific destruction of insulin-producing islet beta …

Type 1 diabetes (T1D) is a chronic autoimmune disease in which pancreatic islet β cells are
destroyed by immune cells, ultimately leading to overt diabetes. The progressive increase in …

In autoimmune diseases, recognition of self-antigens presented by major histocompatibility
complex (MHC) molecules elicits unexpected attack of tissue by autoantibodies and/or …

Gold nanoparticles (GNPs) have been used in the development of novel therapies as a way
of delivery of both stimulatory and tolerogenic peptide cargoes. Here we report that …

T cell receptors (TCRs) are unique markers that define antigen specificity for a given T cell.
With the evolution of sequencing and computational analysis technologies, TCRs are now …

Insulin is considered to be a key antigenic target of T cells in Type 1 Diabetes (T1D) and
autoimmune diabetes in the NOD mouse with particular focus on the B-chain amino acid …