The exposure assessment component of a Wildlife Ecological Risk Assessment aims to
estimate the magnitude, frequency, and duration of exposure to a chemical or environmental …

The adverse outcome pathways (AOPs) were developed to accelerate evidence-based
chemical risk assessment by leveraging data from new approach methodologies. Thanks to …

EFSA's aim by 2030, is that the Agency and its partners will be equipped for the routine
implementation of human health risk assessment to multiple chemicals, across EFSA's …

Whole mixture-based testing using in vitro new approach methodologies (NAMs) has been
suggested to facilitate the hazard and risk assessment of complex environmental mixtures …

In light of an ever-increasing exposure to chemicals, the topic of potential mixture toxicity has
gained increased attention, particularly as the toxicological toolbox to address such …

EFSA established cumulative assessment groups and conducted retrospective cumulative
risk assessments for two types of craniofacial alterations (alterations due to abnormal …

Background: One of the main challenges of modern risk assessment is to account for
combined exposure to the multitude of various substances present in food and the …

This chapter aims to introduce the reader to the basic principles of environmental risk
assessment of chemicals and highlights the usefulness of tiered approaches within weight of …

Adverse outcome pathway (AOP) is a conceptual framework that links a molecular initiating
event (MIE) via intermediate key events (KEs) with adverse effects (adverse outcomes, AO) …

Introduction: Adverse Outcome Pathways (AOPs) can support both testing and assessment
of endocrine disruptors (EDs). There is, however, a need for further development of the AOP …