During evolution, individuals whose brains and bodies functioned well in a fasted state were
successful in acquiring food, enabling their survival and reproduction. With fasting and …

Regular exercise has multi-system anti-aging effects. Here we summarize how exercise
impacts the major hallmarks of aging. We propose that, besides searching for novel …

Introduction Microglia are tissue macrophages of the central nervous system that monitor
brain homeostasis and react upon neuronal damage and stress. Aging and …

Abstract Insulin-Like Growth Factor 1 (IGF-1) is a phylogenetically ancient neurotrophic
hormone with crucial roles to play in CNS development and maturation. Recently, IGF-1 has …

Microglia originate from erythromyeloid progenitors (EMPs) in the yolk sac and develop in
the forming CNS. Microglia are fundamental for the development and function of a healthy …

Prior research has found that cognitive benefits of physical exercise and brain health in
older adults may be enhanced when mental exercise is interactive simultaneously, as in …

Epidemiological, neuropathological, and functional neuroimaging evidence implicates
global and regional disruptions in brain metabolism and energetics in the pathogenesis of …

Major developments in the neural stem cell (NSC) field in recent years provide new insights
into the nature of the NSC niche. In this perspective, we integrate recent anatomical data on …

Growth hormone (GH) is a key determinant of postnatal growth and plays an important role
in the control of metabolism and body composition. Surprisingly, deficiency in GH signaling …

We are facing an obesity epidemic, and obesity itself and its close companion, type 2
diabetes, are independent risk factors for neurodegeneration. While most medical …