Ghrelin is a recently identified endogenous ligand for the growth hormone secretagogue
receptor. It is synthesized predominantly in the stomach and found in the circulation of …

Individuals with anorexia nervosa have a relentless preoccupation with dieting and weight
loss that results in severe emaciation and sometimes death. It is controversial whether such …

Background Weight loss causes changes in appetite and energy expenditure that promote
weight regain. Ghrelin is a hormone that increases food intake in rodents and humans. If …

Obesity is an energy‐rich condition associated with overnutrition, which impairs systemic
metabolic homeostasis and elicits stress. It also activates an inflammatory process in …

The US remains at the forefront of a global obesity epidemic with a significant negative
impact on public health. While it is well known that a balance between energy intake and …

[Avena, NM, Rada, P., Hoebel BG, 2007. Evidence for sugar addiction: Behavioral and
neurochemical effects of intermittent, excessive sugar intake. Neuroscience and …

Obesity develops when energy intake exceeds energy expenditure over time. Numerous
neurotransmitters, hormones, and factors have been implicated to coordinately control …

Results: During the ketogenic VLED, subjects lost 13% of initial weight and fasting BHB
increased from (mean±sem) 0.07±0.00 to 0.48±0.07 mmol/l (P< 0.001). BHB fell to …

Feeding satisfies metabolic need but is also controlled by external stimuli, like palatability or
predator threat. Nucleus accumbens shell (NAcSh) projections to the lateral hypothalamus …

Leptin is a hormone secreted by adipocytes that plays a pivotal role in regulating food
intake, energy expenditure and neuroendocrine function. Leptin stimulates the oxidation of …