Epidemiology of Parkinson’s Disease: An Update | Current Neurology and Neuroscience
Reports Skip to main content SpringerLink Account Menu Find a journal Publish with us Track …

Background Smell impairment is one of the earliest features in Alzheimer's (AD) and
Parkinson's diseases (PD). Due to sex differences exist in terms of smell and olfactory …

Neurodegenerative disease is one of the problems faced by postmenopausal women due to
estrogen deficiency. Phytoestrogen compounds can be used as an alternative treatment for …

ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters play a crucial role for the efflux of a wide range of
substrates across different cellular membranes. In the central nervous system (CNS), ABC …

Biological sex contributes to phenotypic sex effects through genetic (sex chromosomal) and
hormonal (gonadal) mechanisms. There are profound sex differences in the prevalence and …

Mitochondrial dysfunction is closely linked with the pathophysiology of several
neurodegenerative disorders including Parkinson's disease (PD). Despite several …

Background: A high level of education or intelligence (IQ) is reported to be a risk factor for
Parkinson's disease (PD). The purpose of this study was to systematically examine the …

Many patients with Parkinson's disease (PD) experience cognitive or memory impairments
with few therapeutic options available to mitigate them. This has fueled interest in …

Parkinson's disease (PD) is characterized by neurodegeneration and neuroinflammation.
PD prevalence and incidence are higher in men than in women and modulation of gonadal …

Background: Sex differences are apparent in the prevalence and the clinical presentation of
Parkinson's disease (PD), but their effects on speech have been less studied. Method …