The L-type Cav1. 2 calcium channel is present throughout the animal kingdom and is
essential for some aspects of CNS function, cardiac and smooth muscle contractility …

Cardiovascular diseases are a leading cause of morbidity and mortality in most developed
countries of the world. Pharmaceuticals, illicit drugs, and toxins can significantly contribute to …

Each heartbeat is initiated by the action potential, an electrical signal that depolarizes the
plasma membrane and activates a cycle of calcium influx via voltage-gated calcium …

L‐type calcium channels (Cav1) represent one of the three major classes (Cav1–3) of
voltage‐gated calcium channels. They were identified as the target of clinically used calcium …

Heart failure (HF) is a multifactorial disorder and is usually the end stage of many
cardiovascular diseases (CVD). HF presents one of the highest morbidity and mortality …

Endothelial cell dysfunction, characterized by a diminished response to endothelial cell–
dependent vasodilators, is a hallmark of hypertension. TRPV4 channels play a major role in …

Second messenger responses rely on where and when the enzymes that propagate these
signals become active. Spatial and temporal organization of certain signaling enzymes is …

In the heart, Ca2+ influx via CaV1. 2 L-type calcium channels (LTCCs) is a multi-functional
signal that triggers muscle contraction, controls action potential duration, and regulates gene …

The L-type Ca2+ channel Cav1. 2 controls multiple functions throughout the body including
heart rate and neuronal excitability. It is a key mediator of fight-or-flight stress responses …

Rationale: Chronic elevation of 3′-5′-cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) levels
has been associated with cardiac remodeling and cardiac hypertrophy. However …