8.2. Effects in the pancreas 8.3. Effects on the intestinal sphincter 8.4. Effects on intestinal
motility 8.5. Effects on intestinal cellular proliferation 8.6. Effects on intestinal fluid and ion …

Neuropeptide Y (NPY) was first discovered and characterized as a 36‐amino‐acid peptide
neurotransmitter in 1982. It is widely distributed in the central nervous system, with …

A classical route to development of new physiological knowledge has been recognition of
the existence of a neural or humoral agent on the basis of phenomena observed in whole …

Neuropeptide Y (NPY) is a 36-amino acid peptide with structural similarities to peptide YY
(PYY) and pancreatic polypeptide (PP). NPY, one of the most abundant neuropeptides …

Accumulating evidence suggests that blood borne hormones modulate brain mechanisms
regulating blood pressure. This appears to be mediated by the circumventricular organs …

Recent studies have shown increased immunoreactivity for neuropeptide Y (NPY) within the
perilesional cortex following experimental middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) or focal …

When administered into the brain, NPY acts at Y1 and Y5 receptors to increase food intake.
The response occurs with a short latency and is quite robust, such that exogenous NPY is …

Abstract The somatostatin-like (SLI), the neuropeptide Y-like (NPY-LI), and the
betaendorphin-like (BE-LI) immunoreactivities of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) obtained by …

Neuropeptide Y (NPY) is widely distributed throughout sympathetic nerve endings where it
is co‐stored and co‐secreted with noradrenaline. It is considered a marker of noradrenergic …

Hypertension often occurs with fluid overload. The most common mechanism is considered
to be mediated by increased cardiac output. Hemodialysis (HD) patients frequently have …