Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an autoimmune inflammatory demyelinating central nervous
system disorder that is more common in women, with onset often during reproductive years …

Abstract Purpose of Review The purpose of this review is to discuss the interaction between
aging, progressive disease course, disability worsening, and treatment strategies in multiple …

Multiple sclerosis (MS) primarily affects adult females. However, in the last decades, rising
incidence and prevalence have been observed for demographic extremes, such as pediatric …

Being a woman is one of the strongest risk factors for multiple sclerosis. The natural
reproductive period from menarche to natural menopause corresponds to the active …

Abstract Purpose of Review The menstrual cycle involves recurrent fluctuations in hormone
levels and temperature via neuroendocrine feedback loops. This paper reviews the impact …

Over two thirds of all individuals who develop multiple sclerosis (MS) will be women prior to
the age of menopause. Further, an estimated 30% of the current MS population consists of …

This review is a condensed summary of representative articles addressing the sex/gender
bias in multiple sclerosis (MS) and neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders (NMOSD). The …

Background Recent evidence has shown a significant association between menopause and
multiple sclerosis (MS) progression. This study investigated the possible role of menopause …

Abstract Background Multiple Sclerosis is a multifactorial chronic autoimmune disease,
affecting predominantly females in the fertile age. Sex hormones changes during a woman's …

Background Menopause is a physiologic phase in women's lives. Findings regarding
multiple sclerosis (MS) course through menopause are diverse. So, we designed this …