The human immune system has developed an elaborate network of cascades for dealing
with microbial intruders. Owing to its ability to rapidly recognize and eliminate …

The bacterial superantigens are protein toxins that bind to major histocompatibility complex
class II and T‐cell receptor to stimulate large numbers of T cells. The majority are produced …

A DNA microarray was designed for the rapid genotyping of Staphylococcus aureus. It
covers 185 distinct genes and about 300 alleles thereof, including species-specific controls …

The staphylococcal superantigen-like proteins (SSLs) are close relatives of the
superantigens but are coded for by a separate gene cluster within a 19-kb region of the …

Staphylococcus aureus secretes several virulence factors interfering with host-cell functions.
Staphylococcal superantigen-like (SSL) proteins are a family of 11 exotoxins with structural …

Bacterial toxins damage the host at the site of bacterial infection or distant from the site.
Bacterial toxins can be single proteins or oligomeric protein complexes that are organized …

Activation of the complement system plays a crucial role in the pathogenesis of infection and
inflammation. Especially the complement activation products C3a and C5a, known as the …

A number of bacterial virulence factors have been observed to adopt structures similar to
that of aerolysin, the principal toxin of Aeromonas species. However, a comprehensive …

It has been posited SARS-CoV-2 contains at least one unique superantigen-like motif not
found in any other SARS or endemic coronaviruses. Superantigens are potent antigens that …

Infection by Staphylococcus aureus can result in severe conditions such as septicemia, toxic
shock, pneumonia, and endocarditis with antibiotic resistance and persistent nasal carriage …