The susceptibility and severity of periodontal diseases is made more severe by diabetes,
with the impact on the disease process inversely proportional to the level of glycemic control …

Bone is a dynamic tissue and is constantly being remodeled by bone cells. Metabolic
reprogramming plays a critical role in the activation of these bone cells and skeletal …

Background It is hypothesized that levels of advanced glycation end products (AGEs) are
higher in the gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) of chronic periodontitis (CP) patients with type‐2 …

Background Cigarette smoking remains one of the leading public health threats worldwide.
Electronic cigarettes (e‐cigs) provide an alternative to conventional cigarette smoking; …

Interleukin 6 (IL-6) is a pleomorphic pro-inflammatory cytokine that is strongly associated
with local as well as systemic inflammatory processes. Its role in physiological and …

Visfatin is considered an inflammatory biomarker in periodontal disease (PD). In this meta-
analysis, we aimed to evaluate the relationship between Visfatin biomarker level with PD. In …

It has been well documented that there is a two-way relationship between diabetes mellitus
and periodontitis. Diabetes mellitus represents an established risk factor for chronic …

Background and objective Although the association between tumor necrosis factor‐α (TNF‐
α) G‐308A (rs1800629) polymorphism and chronic periodontitis (CP), chronic periodontitis …

Objective Periodontitis is a common inflammatory disease associated with systemic factors.
Visfatin is a pleiotropic adipokine that exerts metabolic and immune functions. Studies have …

Periodontitis is a widespread chronic infectious-inflammatory disease associated with
multiple systemic diseases. Visfatin is an adipokine-enzyme that can be locally produced by …