Norepinephrine is involved in intrinsic control of pain. Main sources of norepinephrine are
sympathetic nerves peripherally and noradrenergic brainstem nuclei A1–A7 centrally …

Xylazine is an animal sedative, approved by the US Food and Drug Administration, that is
commonly used in veterinary medicine and is not approved for human use. Since 2016 …

This review covers the history of xylazine as a central nervous system depressant and its
use as a valuable adjunct in the management of anaesthesia. The effect of the drug in the …

Spinopetal pathways may be activated by a variety of brainstem manipulations including
microinjections of morphine which are known to modulate spinal nociceptive processing …

Abstract Clonidine, 2-(2, 6-dichlorophenylamino)-2-imidazoline, referred to as St 155,
Catapresan, Catapres or Catapressan, was the first antihypertensive agent known to act on …

Antinociception induced by alpha-2-adrenoceptor agonists, with special emphasis on
medetomidine studies - ScienceDirect Skip to main contentSkip to article Elsevier logo …

Urodynamic studies in rats and mice are broadly used to examine pathomechnisms of
disease and identify and test therapeutic targets. This review aims to highlight the effects of …

Clonidine is able to increase the threshold for vocalisation during stimulation and the
threshold for vocalisation after withdrawal of stimulus (vocalisation afterdischarge). These …

Abstract Subcutaneous injection of xylazine (0.1− 3.0 mg/kg) produced a dose-dependent
delay of small intestinal transit without affecting gastric emptying in the conscious mice. The …

Bunium persicum (Boiss.) is an economically important medicinal plant growing wildly in
arid regions in Iran. The fruit of B. persicum is widely used in traditional Iranian medicine to …