Background The causal association between cigarette smoking and several diseases
remains equivocal. The purpose of this study was to appraise the causal role of smoking in a …

BackgroundPoor mental health has consistently been associated with substance use
(smoking, alcohol drinking, cannabis use, and consumption of caffeinated drinks). To …

Background The effect of insomnia and sleep duration on risk of anxiety has been assessed
based on traditional epidemiological studies. However, the inconsistent conclusions do not …

Background There is increasing attention on the association of socioeconomic status and
individual behaviors (SES/IB) with mental health. However, the impacts of SES/IB on mental …

Background Smoking is a well-established risk factor for chronic non-communicable
diseases. However, the relationship between cigarette smoking and the risk of developing …

A deeper understanding of the causal links from education level to health outcomes may
shed a light for disease prevention. In the present Mendelian randomization study, we found …

Identifying modifiable risk factors early on is essential to prevent major depressive disorder
(MDD). This study systematically investigated the causal relationship between 19 modifiable …

BACKGROUND: Much research has found that smoking is one of the major risk factors for a
variety of physical diseases and mental disorders; however, few studies have been …

Computer gaming may negatively impact mental health. To mitigate the inherent defects of
the existing observational studies, we employed the Mendelian randomization (MR) design …

People with high levels of intelligence are more aware of risk factors, therefore choosing a
healthier lifestyle. This assumption seems reasonable, but is it true? Previous studies …