Many Gram-negative bacteria use the sophisticated type II secretion system (T2SS) to
translocate a wide range of proteins from the periplasm across the outer membrane. The …

SUMMARY Type IV pili (T4P) are multifunctional protein fibers produced on the surfaces of a
wide variety of bacteria and archaea. The major subunit of T4P is the type IV pilin, and …

Type II protein secretion systems (T2SS) are molecular machines that promote specific
transport of folded periplasmic proteins in Gram-negative bacteria, across a dedicated …

The type II secretion system (T2SS) is a multi‐protein complex used by many bacteria to
move substrates across their cell membrane. Substrates released into the environment …

The human pathogen Vibrio cholerae is the causative agent of severe diarrheal disease
known as cholera. Of the more than 200 “O” serogroups of this pathogen, O1 and O139 …

Type IV pili (T4P) contain hundreds of major subunits, but minor subunits are also required
for assembly and function. Here we show that Pseudomonas aeruginosa minor pilins prime …

Secretins are among the largest bacterial outer membrane proteins known. Here we report
the crystal structure of the periplasmic N-terminal domain of GspD (peri-GspD) from the type …

The type II secretion system (T2SS) delivers toxins and a range of hydrolytic enzymes,
including proteases, lipases, and carbohydrate-active enzymes, to the cell surface or …

The type II secretion system (T2SS) is a macromolecular complex spanning the inner and
outer membranes of Gram-negative bacteria. Remarkably, the T2SS secretes folded …

Bacterial toxins damage the host at the site of bacterial infection or distant from the site.
Bacterial toxins can be single proteins or oligomeric protein complexes that are organized …