Tobacco and tobacco smoke contain a complex mixture of over 9500 chemical compounds,
many of which have been recognized as hazardous to human health by regulatory …

Aim The economic burden caused by death and disease in the world is credited mainly to
tobacco use—currently linked to approximately 8,000,000 deaths per year with …

A new Kentucky reference cigarette, 1R6F, has been manufactured to replace the depleting
3R4F reference cigarette. The 3R4F Kentucky reference cigarettes have been widely used …

Near-infrared (NIR) spectroscopy has been widely used in agricultural operations to obtain
various crop parameters, such as water content, sugar content, and different indicators of …

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a major cause of mortality worldwide, and
pulmonary epithelial cell apoptosis is regarded as one of the most important factors in its …

High-speed industrial tobacco separation is an important step to ensure consistency and
quality of all types of tobacco products. This is often based on experienced human …

Objectives Despite the quantum of research findings on tobacco epidemic, a review on the
formation characteristics of nicotine, aldehydes and phenols, and their associated etiological …

Tobacco-specific nitrosamines (TSNA) levels in tobacco cut filler and cigarette smoke were
measured in more than 1000 commercially available cigarettes sampled between 2008 and …

Due to the extensive ban on public smoking, tobacco companies focused their business on
new smokeless tobacco (SLT) products promoting them as a harm reduction strategy and a …

Tobacco smoking is the major cause of many chronic diseases, especially lung cancer.
Knowledge about population-wide tobacco use and exposure is essential to characterise its …