Plants are subjected to a plethora of environmental cues that cause extreme losses to crop
productivity. Due to fluctuating environmental conditions, plants encounter difficulties in …

This review focuses on the evolution of plant hormone signaling pathways. Like the
chemical nature of the hormones themselves, the signaling pathways are diverse. Therefore …

Abstract ELONGATED HYPOCOTYL5 (HY5), a member of the bZIP transcription factor
family, inhibits hypocotyl growth and lateral root development, and promotes pigment …

Brassinosteroids (BRs) are steroid hormones that are essential for plant growth and
development. These hormones control the division, elongation and differentiation of various …

A small subset of basic helix–loop–helix transcription factors called PIFs (phytochrome-
interacting factors) act to repress seed germination, promote seedling skotomorphogenesis …

Life history theory seeks to explain the evolution of the major features of life cycles by
analyzing the ecological factors that shape age-specific schedules of growth, reproduction …

Light is an important environmental signal that regulates diverse growth and developmental
processes in plants. In these light-regulated processes, multiple hormonal pathways are …

DELLA transcriptional regulators are central components in the control of plant growth
responses to the environment. This control is considered to be mediated by changes in the …

In shade‐intolerant plants such as Arabidopsis, a reduction in the red/far‐red (R/FR) ratio,
indicative of competition from other plants, triggers a suite of responses known as the shade …

Plants interpret a decrease in the red to far-red light ratio (R: FR) as a sign of impending
shading by neighboring vegetation. This triggers a set of developmental responses known …