Although breast cancer is a growing health problem in sub-Saharan Africa, reasons for its
increased occurrence remain unclear. We reviewed the published literature to determine the …

To review the present status of breast cancer (BC) screening/early detection in low-and
middle-income countries (LMICs) and identify the way forward, an open focused search for …

In developed countries, contact with plastics is constant. Plastics contain a vast number of
additives such as plasticisers, stabilisers, antioxidants, flame retardants, etc., that can impact …

Background Emerging evidence suggests airborne metals may be associated with breast
cancer risk. However, breast cancer is heterogenous and associations with heavy metals …

Objectives Male breast cancer is a rare disease of largely unknown aetiology. In addition to
genetic and hormone-related risk factors, a large number of environmental chemicals are …

Breast cancer is an estrogen-driven disease. Consequently, hormone replacement therapy
correlates with disease incidence. However, increasing male breast cancer rates over the …

Persistent organic pollutants (POPs) bioaccumulate in the food chain and have been
detected in human blood and adipose tissue. Experimental studies demonstrated that POPs …

Breast cancer incidence is higher in developed countries with higher rates of estrogen
receptor positive (ER+) tumors. ER+ tumors are caused by estrogenic exposures although …

Although breast cancer is becoming more prevalent in Africa, few epidemiologic studies
have been undertaken and appropriate methodologic approaches remain uncertain. We …

Observations on the role of ovarian hormones in breast cancer growth, as well as interest in
contraception, stimulated research into the biology of estrogens. The identification of the …