Water, a necessary component of cell protoplasm, plays an essential role in supporting life
on Earth; nevertheless, extreme changes in climatic conditions limit water availability …

As sessile organisms, plants must tolerate various environmental stresses. Plant hormones
play vital roles in plant responses to biotic and abiotic stresses. Among these hormones …

Heavy metal/metalloids (HMs) are among the primary soil pollutants that limit crop
production worldwide. Plants grown in HM contaminated soils exhibit reduced growth and …

Land plants are exposed to not only biotic stresses such as pathogen infection and
herbivore wounding, but abiotic stresses such as cold, heat, drought, and salt. Elaborate …

Plants exposed to a variety of abiotic and biotic stressors including environmental pollution
and global warming pose significant threats to biodiversity and ecosystem services. Despite …

Heavy metal pollution in soil is a global problem with serious impacts on human health and
ecological security. Phytoextraction in phytoremediation, in which plants uptake and …

Several environmental stresses, including biotic and abiotic factors, adversely affect the
growth and development of crops, thereby lowering their yield. However, abiotic factors, eg …

Agriculture has a lot of responsibility as the rise in the world's population demands more
food requirements. However, more than one type of biotic and abiotic stress continually …

Jasmonic acid (JA) or methyl jasmonate (MeJA) are master regulators of plant development
and stress response against pathogens and environmental fluctuations. Thus, JA is an …

Euphyllophytes encompass almost all extant plants, including two sister clades, ferns and
seed plants. Decoding genomes of ferns is the key to deep insight into the origin of …