Rates of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) have been reported to be higher among US
military veterans, who currently number more than 21 million, but the causal factor (s) has …

The prenatal and perinatal risk factors likely to be associated with specific language
impairment (SLI) were examined in this study. A review of existing research showed that …

Results of studies to determine whether women who smoke during early pregnancy are at
increased risk of delivering infants with orofacial clefts have been mixed, and recently a …

This paper reviews and evaluates issues and methodologies for the assessment and
promotion of quality of life (QOL), a multidimensional and dynamic construct frequently used …

Proxy ratings of functional status were compared with subject self-reports in five domains
relevant to the study of older persons and with observations of subject performance in two …

Proxy and subject responses to survey questions about chronic conditions, health
symptoms, and physical and instrumental functioning were compared to determine the …

We conducted a matched case-control study to investigate risk factors for the two most
common types of brain tumors in children, astrocytic glioma and primitive neuroectodermal …

STUDY QUESTION To what extent is cigarette smoking associated with reduced
fecundability? SUMMARY ANSWER Current female smokers, particularly those who had …

Risks for selected congenital anomalies from parental smoking were investigated in a case‐
control study in California. Mothers of 207 infants with conotruncal heart defects, 264 infants …

Background Several studies have shown that the prevalence of ventricular septal defects
(VSDs) has increased significantly in the United States in the past 30 years. This increase …