Misuse and overuse of antibiotics led us vulnerable to multi-drug resistant (MDR) bacteria,
biofilms, and intracellular infections. The failure of conventional antibiotics thus gives rise to …

Untethered small-scale machines (USSMs) that can actively adjust their motion,
deformation, and collective states in response to external stimuli have gained enormous …

Micro-nano biorobots based on bacteria have demonstrated great potential for tumor
diagnosis and treatment. The bacterial gene expression and drug release should be …

The intricate and delicate anatomy of the brain poses significant challenges for the treatment
of cerebrovascular and neurodegenerative diseases. Thus, precise local drug delivery in …

Swarms, which stem from collective behaviors among individual elements, are commonly
seen in nature. Since two decades ago, scientists have been attempting to understand the …

Nanorobotic manipulation to access subcellular organelles remains unmet due to the
challenge in achieving intracellular controlled propulsion. Intracellular organelles, such as …

Nanomedicine has emerged as a promising mean to improve theranostic efficacy and
reduce side effects. Currently, only very small percentage of injected dose reaches the solid …

Most nonferroelectric two-dimensional materials can be endowed with so-called sliding
ferroelectricity via nonequivalent homobilayer stacking, which is not applicable to …

The integration of microorganisms and engineered artificial components has shown
considerable promise for creating biohybrid microrobots. The unique features of microalgae …

Untethered microrobots can be used for cargo delivery (eg, drug molecules, stem cells, and
genes) targeting designated areas. However, it is not enough to just reach the lesion site, as …