In this overview, we summarize the findings of the literature with regards to physiology and
pathophysiology of ultra-marathon running. The number of ultra-marathon races and the …

Off-road running continues to grow in popularity, with differing event categories existing, and
terminologies are often used interchangeably and without precision. Trail running, mountain …

It is well established that physical activity reduces all-cause mortality and can prolong life.
Ultra-endurance running (UER) is an extreme sport that is becoming increasingly popular …

Ultra-endurance running (UER) poses extreme mental and physical challenges that present
many barriers to completion, let alone performance. Despite these challenges, participation …

The aims of this study were (1) to investigate the participation and performance trends at the
'100 km Lauf Biel'in Switzerland from 1998 to 2010, and (2) to compare the age-related …

Ultramarathon running is increasingly popular. An ultramarathon is defined as a running
event involving distances longer than the length of a traditional marathon of 42.195 km. In …

Objectives An 'ultra-marathon'is a footrace over a distance> 42.2 km. There is considerable
interest in the psychological characteristics of ultra-marathon runners ('ultra-runners') and …

Ultramarathon (UM) running is a rapidly growing sport throughout the world, yet to date it
has received little attention in sport psychology literature. To obtain further insight into this …

The aims of the present study were to (1) investigate the participation trends for the origin of
athletes competing in 100-km ultra-marathons and (2) determine the nationalities of athletes …

Background The aim of the present study was to compare the trends in participation,
performance and age of finishers in 'Badwater'and 'Spartathlon'as two of the toughest …