Personal comfort systems (PCSs) that are energy efficient have been widely used indoors to
improve occupant thermal comfort and acceptability under a variety of thermo-hygrometric …

Neuropeptide Y (NPY) is an abundant sympathetic co-transmitter, widely found in the central
and peripheral nervous systems and with diverse roles in multiple physiological processes …

Endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) plays a critical role in regulating and maintaining a
healthy cardiovascular system. The importance of eNOS can be emphasized from the …

IgE-mediated anaphylaxis is an acute life-threatening systemic reaction to allergens,
including certain foods and venoms. Anaphylaxis is triggered when blood-borne allergens …

The peripheral vascular system (PVS) includes all the blood vessels that exist outside the
heart. The peripheral vascular system is classified as follows: The aorta and its branches …

Acetylcholine (ACh) is best known as a neurotransmitter and was the first such molecule
identified. ACh signalling in the neuronal cholinergic system has long been known to …

Aims Mental stress substantially contributes to the initiation and progression of human
disease, including cardiovascular conditions. We aim to investigate the underlying …

Cortisol is a steroid hormone that is released from the body in response to stress. Although a
moderate level of cortisol secretion can help the body maintain homeostasis, excessive …

Smooth muscle cells (SMCs) execute important physiological functions in numerous vital
organ systems, including the vascular, gastrointestinal, respiratory, and urogenital tracts …

As a first-line treatment for diabetes, the insulin-sensitizing biguanide, metformin, regulates
glucose levels and positively affects cardiovascular function in patients with diabetes and …