We examined the folding of the β-barrel membrane protein OmpA from Escherichia coli.
Although previous studies identified several intermediate states followed by a concerted …

Plague caused by Yersinia pestis manifests itself in bubonic, septicemic, and pneumonic
forms. Although the US Food and Drug Administration recently approved levofloxacin, there …

Gram negative bacteria have evolved many mechanisms of attaching to and invading host
epithelial and immune cells. In particular, many outer membrane proteins (OMPs) are …

Ail is shown to be an essential virulence factor with multiple roles in pathogenesis. The
recent adaptation of Yersinia pestis to high virulence, which included genomic reduction to …

The Yersinia pestis adhesin Ail mediates host cell binding and facilitates delivery of cytotoxic
Yop proteins. Ail from Y. pestis and Y. pseudotuberculosis is identical except for one or two …

Lipopolysaccharide (LPS), localized in the outer leaflet of the outer membrane, serves as the
major surface component of the Gram-negative bacterial cell envelope responsible for the …

AY ersinia pseudotuberculosis (Yptb) murine model of lung infection was previously
developed using the serotype III IP 2666 NdeI strain, which robustly colonized lungs but only …

Yersinia pestis the causative agent of plague, is highly pathogenic and poses very high risk
to public health. The outer membrane protein Ail (Adhesion invasion locus) is one of the …

Plague is transmitted by fleas or contaminated aerosols. To successfully produce disease,
the causal agent (Yersinia pestis) must rapidly sense and respond to rapid variations in its …

Edwardsiella piscicida is a significant pathogenic microorganism, and can lead to systematic
infections in multifold hosts, including teleost, amphibians, and mammals. Ail is a surface …