The neurotransmitter dopamine is a key factor in central nervous system (CNS) function,
regulating many processes including reward, movement, and cognition. Dopamine also …

The ability of cells to deal with different types of stressful situations in a precise and
coordinated manner is key for survival and involves various signalling networks. Over the …

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is an incurable systemic autoimmune disease. Disease
progression leads to joint deformity and associated loss of function, which significantly …

As a critical component of the tumor microenvironment (TME), cancer‐associated fibroblasts
(CAFs) play important roles in cancer initiation and progression. Well‐known signaling …

Problems arising during translation of mRNAs lead to ribosome stalling and collisions that
trigger a series of quality control events. However, the global cellular response to ribosome …

The many facets of the oxytocin (OXT) system of the brain and periphery elicited nearly
25,000 publications since 1930 (see, as listed in PubMed), which revealed central roles for …

The p38 MAPK pathway is well known for its role in transducing stress signals from the
environment. Many key players and regulatory mechanisms of this signaling cascade have …

Inflammation is strictly associated with cancer and plays a key role in tumor development
and progression. Several epidemiological studies have demonstrated that inflammation can …

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is characterized by systemic synovitis leading to joint destruction
in which imbalances in pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines promote the …

Betaine is known as trimethylglycine and is widely distributed in animals, plants, and
microorganisms. Betaine is known to function physiologically as an important …