We consider the challenge of estimating treatment effects from observational data; and point
out that, in general, only some factors based on the observed covariates X contribute to …

Perhaps the most pressing concern of a patient diagnosed with cancer is her life expectancy
under various treatment options. For a binary-treatment case, this translates into estimating …

This work tackles the off-policy evaluation problem within the contextual bandit setting,
where only the action and reward recommended by the logging policy were recorded and …

To identify the appropriate action to take, an intelligent agent must infer the causal effects of
every possible action choices. A prominent example is precision medicine that attempts to …