Background Randomization is the foundation of any clinical trial involving treatment
comparison. It helps mitigate selection bias, promotes similarity of treatment groups with …

Randomization is a critical aspect of the clinical trial. Regulatory guidance plays a role in
clinical research. Randomization tests provide valid methodology for statistical inference. In …

OBJECTIVES: Given earlier effects found in randomized clinical trials of the Nurse-Family
Partnership, we examined whether this program would improve 18-year-old first-born …

Abstract Response-Adaptive Randomization (RAR) is part of a wider class of data-
dependent sampling algorithms, for which clinical trials are typically used as a motivating …

Fisher's randomization test (frt) delivers exact p-values under the strong null hypothesis of
no treatment effect on any units whatsoever and allows for flexible covariate adjustment to …

Optimization of clinical trial designs can help investigators achieve higher quality results for
the given resource constraints. The present paper gives an overview of optimal designs for …

Background Type 2 diabetes and obesity increase the accumulation of health deficits and
may accelerate biological aging. Multidomain lifestyle interventions may mitigate against …

Introduction The human gut microbiota is an important reservoir of ESBL-producing
Escherichia coli (ESBL-Ec). Community surveillance studies of ESBL-Ec to monitor …

A fundamental concept in two‐arm non‐parametric survival analysis is the comparison of
observed versus expected numbers of events on one of the treatment arms (the choice of …

Background It is uncertain if lipids or lipoproteins are associated with osteoporotic fractures.
In this study, incident hip fracture risk according to conventional lipid levels and lipoprotein …