Life's size and tempo are intimately linked. The rate of metabolism varies with body mass in
remarkably regular ways that can often be described by a simple power function, where the …

Ludwig Boltzmann suggested that natural selection was fundamentally a struggle among
organisms for available energy. Alfred Lotka argued that organisms that capture and use …

Larger animals studied during ontogeny, across populations, or across species, usually
have lower mass-specific metabolic rates than smaller animals (hypometric scaling). This …

Simple Summary Large organisms are not simply proportionately magnified versions of
smaller related organisms. The magnitude of various features of organisms often changes …

Simple Summary Ecosystems are affected by multiple stressors, which interact in ways that
can be difficult to predict. Stressors such as climate warming and introductions of non-native …

Evolutionary genetics has long struggled with understanding how functional genes under
selection remain polymorphic in natural populations. Taking as a starting point that natural …

The maximum intrinsic rate of population increase (r max) represents a population's
maximum capacity to replace itself and is central to fisheries management and conservation …

Predicting how increasing temperatures interact with other global change drivers to
influence the structure and dynamics of Earth's ecosystems is a primary challenge in …

Evolutionary biologists are interested in finding universal patterns of covariation between
macroscopic and molecular traits. Knowledge of such laws of life can be essential for …

Energy transformation powers change in the universe. In physical systems, maximal power
(rate of energy input or output) may occur only at submaximal efficiency (output/input), or …