The increasing threat of infectious diseases in humans has renewed interest in factors
leading to the emergence of new diseases and the re-emergence of familiar diseases …

A selective advantage against infectious disease associated with increased heterozygosity
at the human major histocompatibility complex [human leukocyte antigen (HLA) class I and …

The study of evolution at the molecular level has given the subject of evolutionary biology a
new significance. Phylogenetic'trees' of gene sequences are a powerful tool for recovering …

Conventional wisdom regarding mechanisms of bacterial pathogenesis holds that
pathogens arise by external acquisition of distinct virulence factors, whereas determinants …

Shrinking ecosystems concentrate both individuals and species into restricted areas,
promoting transmission and exchange of parasites. Fragmentation increases edge and …

Selection is usually considered to be the dominant force controlling viral variation; the large
population sizes suggest that deterministic population genetic models are appropriate. To …

The increasing appreciation of the massive replication rates of human immunodeficiency
virus (HIV) and the virus's high mutation rate gives the impression of a population of genetic …

I review phylogenetic approaches to problems in coevolution and biogeography, illustrating
with case studies. In coevolution, genealogical trees are essential in differentiating between …

ABSTRACT HIV-1 sequences in intravenous drug user (IDU) networks are highly
homogenous even after several years, while this is not observed in most sexual epidemics …

The fundamental research program of population genetics has been to seek a quantitative
assessment of the role of the various forces of evolution in shaping patterns of genetic …