All living things depend on their natural environment, either directly or indirectly, for their
high quality of life, growth, nutrition, and development. Due to the fast emissions of …

The Palaeozoic evolution of land plants revolutionized river geomorphology. However, the
relationships between biotic forcing and channel dynamics are still debated and, as such …

Using full-colour palaeogeographical maps from the Cambrian to the present, this
interdisciplinary volume explains how plate motions and surface volcanism are linked to …

Global warming, extreme climate events, earthquakes and their accompanying
socioeconomic disasters pose significant risks to humanity. Yet due to the nonlinear …

Molluscs comprise the second largest phylum of animals (after arthropods), occurring in
virtually all habitats. Some are commercially important, a few are pests and some carry …

Oxygen is essential for animal life, and while geochemical proxies have been instrumental
in determining the broad evolutionary history of oxygen on Earth, much of our insight into …

A number of tick-borne diseases of humans have increased in incidence and geographic
range over the past few decades, and there is concern that they will pose an even greater …

The determinants of biodiversity patterns can be understood using macroevolutionary
analyses. The integration of fossils into phylogenies offers a deeper understanding of …

Diversification rates vary over time, yet the factors driving these variations remain unclear.
Temporal declines in speciation rates have often been interpreted as the effect of ecological …

Earth's last icehouse, 300 million years ago, is considered the longest-lived and most acute
of the past half-billion years, characterized by expansive continental ice sheets, and possibly …