Osteoporosis is a common skeletal disorder which can severely limit one's ability to
complete daily tasks due to the increased risk of bone fractures, reducing quality of life …

During evolution, the development of bone was critical for many species to thrive and
function in the boundary conditions of Earth. Furthermore, bone also became a storehouse …

Electrical stimulation exercise has become an important modality to help improve the
mobility and health of individuals with spinal cord injury (SCI). Electrical stimulation is used …

Spinal cord injuries affect nearly five to ten individuals per million every year. Spinal cord
injury causes damage to the nerves, muscles, and the tissue surrounding the spinal cord …

Neurological disorders represent a global health problem. Current pharmacological
treatments often lead to short-term symptomatic relief but have dose-dependent side effects …

Spinal cord injury leads to loss of innervation of skeletal muscle, decreased motor function,
and significantly reduced load on skeletal muscle, resulting in atrophy. Factors such as …

Background Electrical stimulation is a novel tool to promote the differentiation and
proliferation of precursor cells. In this work we have studied the effects of direct current (DC) …

Abstract Background and Purpose Autophagy is a protective factor for controlling neuronal
damage, while necroptosis promotes neuroinflammation after spinal cord injury (SCI) …

Bone is a tissue that is active throughout the lifespan, and its physiological activities, such as
growth, development, absorption, and formation, are always ongoing. All types of stimulation …

Objective Disuse osteoporosis is known to be primarily caused by a lack of exercise.
However, the causal relationships between zinc and immunity and disuse osteoporosis …