Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common neurodegenerative disorder characterized by
cognitive and intellectual deficits and behavior disturbance. The electroencephalogram …

Heat transfer in a biological system is a complex process and its analysis is difficult.
Heterogeneous vascular architecture, blood flow in the complex network of arteries and …

The concept of a circular economy has become a significant school of thought in sustainable
economics over the last 10 years. This paper critically analyses the key principles …

The term “in vivo (“in the living”) chemistry” refers to chemical reactions that take place in a
complex living system such as cells, tissue, body liquids, or even in an entire organism. In …

The design of enzyme catalytic stability is of great significance in medicine and industry.
However, traditional methods are time-consuming and costly. Hence, a growing number of …

The subject of agriculture lies within a power-relations struggle that has not been sufficiently
addressed by political ecology and environmental thinking. It is true that there are very good …

The natural world consists of hierarchical levels of complexity that range from subatomic
particles and molecules to ecosystems and beyond. This implies that, in order to explain the …

Cancer is a highly complex disease due to the disruption of tissue architecture. Thus,
tissues, and not individual cells, are the proper level of observation for the study of …

Improving the function of biological systems represents a significant task in the fight to
control health conditions and slow down the aging process. Applying the laws of physics to a …

Background Cells are open complex thermodynamic systems. They can be also regarded as
complex engines that execute a series of chemical reactions. Energy transformations …