In this paper, the particle acceleration processes around magnetotail dipolarization fronts
(DFs) were reviewed. We summarize the spacecraft observations (including Cluster …

Abstract The Relativistic Electron-Proton Telescope (REPT) instruments were designed to
measure∼ 2 to> 18 MeV electrons and∼ 18 to> 115 MeV protons as part of the science …

The excitation of electrostatic and/or electromagnetic waves in the plasma universe is often
associated with anisotropic velocity distributions of charged particles. In Earth's inner …

The pitch angle distribution (PAD) of suprathermal electrons can have both spatial and
temporal evolution in the magnetotail and theoretically can be an indication of electron …

The joint European Space Agency and Chinese Academy of Sciences Solar wind
Magnetosphere Ionosphere Link Explorer (SMILE) mission will explore global dynamics of …

Energetic particle injections, usually observed as sudden flux enhancements of charged
particles from tens to hundreds of keV, are one of the main mechanisms for ring current …

The fortunate location of Cluster and the THEMIS P3 probe in the near-Earth plasma sheet
(PS)(at X∼-7–-9 RE) allowed for the multipoint analysis of properties and spectra of electron …

Electron pitch‐angle distributions, including isotropy, pancake, cigar, butterfly, and recently
discovered rolling‐pin distributions, are crucial to understanding electron dynamics in the …

In this work, we consider the dynamics of ion fluxes and magnetic field changes in turbulent
regions of magnetotail dipolarizations. The data from the Cluster-II mission (magnetic field …

We use data from the 2013–2014 Cluster Inner Magnetosphere Campaign, with its uniquely
small spacecraft separations (less than or equal to electron inertia length, λ e), to study …