The extraordinary success of mRNA vaccines against coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)
has renewed interest in mRNA as a means of delivering therapeutic proteins. Early clinical …

Chitosan, a biocompatible and biodegradable polysaccharide derived from chitin, has
surfaced as a material of promise for drug delivery and biomedical applications. Different …

The upper respiratory tract is compromised in the early period of COVID-19, but SARS-CoV-
2 tropism at the cellular level is not fully defined. Unlike recent single-cell RNA-Seq analyses …

The administration of drugs to the central nervous system (CNS) is primarily controlled by
the blood-brain barrier (BBB), a structure that prevents the passage of foreign compounds …

Quantum chemical density functional theory (DFT) calculations were performed to examine
features of metal-doped graphene (MG) models for adsorbing the popular ibuprofen (IBU) …

Parkinson's disease (PD) is the second leading neurodegenerative disease globally,
impacting the quality of life of millions of people. It is estimated that the treatment cost of PD …

Nose-to-brain delivery presents a promising alternative route compared to classical blood–
brain barrier passage, especially for the delivery of high molecular weight drugs. In general …

Migraine is a severe neurovascular disorder of which the pathophysiology is not yet fully
understood. Besides the role of inflammatory mediators that interact with the …

Antibiotic resistant bacteria are a growing threat to global health security. Whilst the
emergence of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a natural phenomenon, it is also driven by …

The blood–brain barrier (BBB) limits the delivery of majority of cancer drugs and thereby
complicates brain tumor treatment. The nasal-brain-lymphatic system is discussed as a …